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Breast malignancy is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide, and the diagnosis relies on invasive examinations. However, most clinical breast changes in women are benign, and invasive diagnostic approaches cause unnecessary suffering for the patients. Thus, a novel noninvasive approach for discriminating malignant breast lesions from benign lesions is needed. We performed cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing on plasma samples from 173 malignant breast lesion patients, 158 benign breast lesion patients, and 102 he