https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/leptomycinb.h
The mitophagy-related proteins PINK1, Parkin, and LC3 were regulated by IL-33 through the AMPK pathway. IL-33 significantly decreased M1-related cytokines CXCL-10 and TNF-α production and significantly increased M2-related cytokine CCL-22 production. In conclusion, IL-33 induces ROS production and subsequently influences mitophagy through AMPK activation, altering the macrophage-polarization phenotype of monocytes.Regular physical training and cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) have opposite effects on physical performance, antioxidant,
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