https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/5-ethynylurid
e., RMSE of 0.036, R2 of 0.987, RSE of 0.006, MAPE of 0.706, and VAF of 98.724). Whereas the BPNN model, without optimizing the FCM algorithm, was proved with lower performance (RMSE = 0.050, R2 = 0.977, RSE = 0.011, MAPE = 0.802, and VAF = 97.662). These findings revealed that the FCM algorithm's presence impressively improved the BPNN model's accomplishment in predicting heavy metal's sorption efficiency onto biochar, and the proposed FCM-BPNN model can improve water/wastewater treatment plants' quality and provide a more eff