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Forty patients (18.8%) developed any complications including PPCs. Multivariate analysis revealed that male, rectal cancer and spirometry findings (both low FEV1.0 (0.8 L) and low %VC (95)) were RFs (P = 0.026, 0.003 and 0.007, respectively). Six cases (2.8%) developed PPCs. The prevalence of PPCs was higher in patients with both low %VC (95%) and low FEV1.0 (0.8 L), with statistical significance (P = 0.006). Our study suggested that not only low FEV1.0 but also low %VC was an important RF for post-operative complications