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During intestinal infection, microbes induce ROS by various mechanisms in C. elegans. ROS can have beneficial roles, acting as antimicrobials and as signaling molecules that activate cytoprotective pathways. Failure to maintain appropriate levels of ROS causes oxidative stress and cellular damage. This review uses the Damage Response Framework to interpret several recent observations on the relationships between infection, host response, and host damage, with a focus on mechanisms mediated by ROS. We propose a unifying hypothesis that RO