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The aim of this study was to determine the toxic effects of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) on oxidative stress, stress protein, and genotoxicity parameters in Oreochromis niloticus. Ninety-six-hour LC50 value of Al2O3 NPs was found as 52.4 ppm for O. niloticus. The fish were exposed to 2.6 ppm (5% of the 96-h LC5 and 5.2 ppm (10% of the 96-h LC5 for 3 days and 7 days. Various biochemical parameters, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities, glutathio