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Somatic mutations in skin cancers and other ultraviolet (UV)-exposed cells are typified by CT and CCTT substitutions at dipyrimidine sequences; however, many oncogenic "driver" mutations in melanoma do not fit this UV signature. Here, we use genome sequencing to characterize mutations in yeast repeatedly irradiated with UV light. Analysis of ~50,000 UV-induced mutations reveals abundant non-canonical mutations, including TC, TA, and ACTT substitutions. These mutations display transcriptional asymmetry that is modula