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l rates and minimal bone loss. Short implants with immediate or early loading protocols have satisfactory long-term treatment prospects with satisfactory implant survival rates and minimal bone loss. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the load-to-fracture values of cement-, screw-, and multiscrew-retained abutments for implant-supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs). Thirty-six implants with a diameter and length of 4.5 and 13 mm, respectively, were used to prepare 18 samples of FPDs. Based upon the variations on abutment design, the FPDs we