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1 ng/mL) in both groups. A high-normal CEA level was an independent risk factor for DFS in both groups, and was associated with inferior DFS in patients with stage II and III disease and in never or former smokers. The correlation between DFS and CEA levels was more distinct in left-sided colon and rectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS A high-normal preoperative CEA level (≥ 2.1 ng/mL), even within the normal range, was an independent prognosticator for poor DFS in CRC. The usefulness of CEA was influenced by smoking status and tumor location in addition to tumor stag